States of India-Indian Geohraphy

States of India

Indian Geography

All States of India

India is a diverse country. At present, there are total of 28 states ( Except Jammu & Kashmir) in this country. The diversity of each state is different. Today we will discuss in detail India and the states of India.

India

India is the seventh largest and the second most populous country in the World. It lies between latitudes 8°4' N and 37°6' N and longitudes 68° 7'E and 97°25' E.

Tropic of Cancer:

Country is divided into almost equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer. Tropic of Cancer Passes through 8 states (From West to East) Gujarat — Rajasthan — Madhya Pradesh – Chattisgarh - Jharkhand - West Bengal — Tripura — Mizoram.

Some important points :

• Southernmost point of Indian Territory — Indira Point (6°45).
• Andman and Nicobar and Nicobar India stretches from North to South - 3214 km. 
• India stretches from East to West – 2933 km. 
• Total length of mainland – 15,200 km. 
• Total length of coastline – 7516.6 km 
• Total boundary - 22716.6 km.
• No. of Island in Bay of Bengal — 204 
• No. of Island in Arabian Sea - 43
• Southernmost point of Mainland -  Cape Comorin (Kanya Kumari).
• Coastline of mainland India — 6100 km.
• Total coastline including Lakshadweep and Andman 7516.6 km.

1. Andhra Pradesh 

Date of Formation: 1st November 1956

Capital: Hyderabad

Number of Districts:13

Biggest District of Andhra Pradesh: Ananthapur

(Area wise)

Most Populace District: East Godavari 

Least Populace District: Vizianagaram

Largest City: Visakhapatnam 

High Court for the state of Andhra Pradesh: Hyderabad

Chief Language: Telegu and Urdu

First Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh: Tangutiri Prakasam

First Governor of Andhra Pradesh: Sri Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi

   •State Symbols of Andhra Pradesh:

Animal: Black Buck

Bird: Indan Roller

Tree: Neem

Flower: Lotus

 •Most Important Facts of Andhra Pradesh:

1. First State of India formed in linguistic basis is Andhra Pradesh.

2. Andhra Pradesh is called Rice bowl of India.

2. Telangana 

Date of Formation: 2nd June 2014

Capital: Hyderabad

Number of Districts:33

Biggest Distric of :Bhadradi Kothagudem

Largest City: Hyderabad

High Court for the State of Telangana: Hyderabad

Chief Language: Telegu, Urdu

First Chief Minister of Telangana: K Chandra Sekhar Rao

First Governor of Telengana: ESL Narasimhan

   •State Symbols of  Telengana:

Animal: Deer

Bird: Indian Roller

Tree: Jammi

Flower: Tangedu

3. Arunachal Pradesh

Date of Formation: 20 February, 1987

Capital: Tanager 

Number of Districts:16

Largest City: Itanagar

High Court for the state of Arunachal Pradesh: Guwahati

National Park: Namdapha

Chief Language: Sino-Tibetian, Manpa, Adi, Nishi

Educational Institution: Rajiv Gandhi University 

First Chief Minister of Arunachal Paradesh: Prem Khandu Thungan

First Governor of Arunachal Pradesh: Bhima Narain Singh

   •State Symbols of  Arunachal Pradesh:

Animal: Mithun

Bird: Great hornbill

Tree: Hollong

Flower: Lady Slipper Orchid

 •Most Important Facts of Arunachal Pradesh

1. Arunachal Pradesh is the easternmost state of India. Early it was part of Asam and separated in 1972.

2. Arunachal Pradesh is also known as NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) from 1972 to 1987.

3. Arunachal Pradesh is called as Land of Rising Sun.

4. Assam

Date of Formation:26th January, 1950

Capital: Dispur

Number of Districts: 27

Largest City: Guwahati

High Cour for the State of Assamt: Guwahati

Chief Language: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo/Boro

First Chief Minister of Assam: Gopinath Bardoloi 

First Governor of Assam: Sir Akbar Hydari

   •State Symbols of Assam:

Animal: One Horned Rhinoceros 

Bird: White Winged Word Duck

Tree: Hollong

Flower: Foxtail Orchids

 •Most Important Facts of Assam:

1. Assam is surrounded by six of the other seven sisters (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya)

2. In an epic Raghuvansha, written by Kalidas, this region was introduced as Nillohit.

3. Assam was known as Pragjyotisha or the place of Eastern  Astronomy during the epic period and later named as Kamrupa.

4. With the independence in 1947 Sylthet leaving Karimuganj went out to joint east Pakistan, now Bangladesh.

5. Manas National Park is situated in Kamrup district near the border of bhutan.

6. The Kaziranga National Park is situated 200km away from Guwahati and spreaded in 440 sq. km. area.

5. Bihar

Date of Formation: 15th August, 1947

Capital: Patna

Number of Districts: 38

Largest City: Patna

High Court for the State of Bihar: Patna

Chief Language: Hindi, Urdu, Bhojpuri 

First Chief Minister of Bihar: Sri Krishna Sinha

First Governor of Bihar: Jairamdas Daulatram.

   •State Symbols of Bihar:

Animal: Gaur

Bird: Indian Roller

Tree: Peepal

Flower: Kachnar

6. Chhattishgarh 

Date of Formation: 1st November, 2000

Capital: Raipur

Number of Districts: 27

Largest District  of Chhattisgarh: Bastar

Largest City (area wise): Korba

High Court for the state of : Bilaspur 

Chief Language: Chhattisgarhi, Hindi

First Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh: Ajit Jogi

First Governor of Chhattisgarh: D N Sahay

   •State Symbols of  Chhattisgarh:

Animal: Wild Buffalo

Bird: Hill Myna

Tree: Sal

Flower: Rhynchostylis

7. Goa

Date of Formation: 30 May, 1962

Capital: Panaji

Number of Districts: 2

Biggest District of Goa: North Goa

(Area wise)

High Court for the state of Goa: Mumbai

Chief Language: Konkani, Marathi

First Chief Minister of Goa:Dayanad B Bandokar

First Governor of Goa: Gopal Singh

   •State Symbols of Goa:

Animal: Gaur

Bird: Black Crested Bulbul

 •Most Important Facts of Goa:

1. Goa is the smallest state of India.

8. Gujrat

Date of Formation: 1st May, 1960

Capital: Gandhinagar

Number of Districts: 26

High Court for the state of Gujrat: Ahmedabad 

Chief Language: Gujrati

First Chief Minister of Gujrat: Jivraj Narayan Mehta

First Governor of Gujrat: Mehdi Nawaj Jung

   •State Symbols of Gujrat:

Animal: Asiatic Lion 

Bird: Great Flamingo 

 •Most Important Facts of Gujrat:

1. Gujrat has the longest coastal line about 1660km.

9. hariyana

Date of Formation: 1st Novembar, 1966

Capital: Chandigarh

Number of Districts: 21

Largest City: Faridabad

High Court for the state of Hariyana: Chandigarh

Chief Language: Hindi, Punjabi

First Chief Minister of Hariyana : Bhagwat Dayal Sharma

First Governor of Hariyana: Dharma Vira

   •State Symbols of  Hariyana:

Animal: Black Buck

Bird: Black Francolin

Tree: Peepal

Flower: Lotus

 •Most Important Facts of Haryana:

1.Jamnagar district is the largest industrial town of Haryana.

2. Panipath is called weaver city for his hand loom products.

10. Himachal Pradesh

Date of Formation: 25 January, 1971

Capital: Shimla

Number of Districts: 12

High Court for the state of Himachal Pradesh: Shimla

Chief Language: Pahari, Hindi, Panjabi 

First Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh: Yashwant Singh Parmar

First Governor of Himachal: Pradesh: Sh. S Chakravarty 

   •State Symbols of  Himachal Pradesh :

Animal: Snow Leopard

Bird: Western tragopan

Tree: Deodar

Flower:Pink Rhododendron 

 •Most Important Facts of Himachal Pradesh:

1.Solan is the largest industrial area.

11. Jammu Kashmir (Union Territory)

Date of Formation: 26 October, 1947

Capital: Sri Nagar (Summer Capital), Jammu(Winter Capital)

Number of Districts: 22

High Court for the state of Jammu Kashmir: Sri Nagar and Jammu

Chief Language: Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri

First Chief Minister of Jammu Kashmir: Mehr Chand Mahajan

First Governor of Jammu Kashmir:Mahraja Karan Singh

   •State Symbols of  Jammu Kashmir:

Animal: Hangul

Bird: Black Necked Crane.

Tree: Chinar.

Flower: Lotus.

12. Jharkhand

Date of Formation: 

Capital: Ranchi

Number of Districts: 24

High Court for the state of Jharkhand: Ranchi

Chief Language: Hindi, Urdu, Santali, Ho

First Chief Minister of Jharkhand: Babulal Marandi

First Governor of Jharkhand : Prabhat Kumar

   •State Symbols of  Jharkhand:

Animal: Elephant

Bird: Koel

Tree: Sal

Flower: Palash

 •Most Important Facts of Jharkhand:

1. Jharkhand means land of forest.

2.Jharkhand is also known as store house of Mineral.

13. Karnatak

Date of Formation: 1st November, 1956

Capital: Bengaluru 

Number of Districts: 30

Largest City: Bengaluru 

High Court for the state of Karnataka: Bengaluru 

Chief Language: Kannada

First Chief Minister of Karnatak: Arcot Ramaswami Mudaliar

First Governor of Karnataka: Jaya Chamarajendra Wodeyar

   •State Symbols of  Karnataka:

Animal: Elephant

Bird: Indian Roller

Tree: sandal

Flower: Lotus

 •Most Important Facts of Karnatak:

1.The Word Karnataka is also used in Brihatsamhita written by Varahmihir.

14. Kerala

Date of Formation: 1st November, 1956

Capital: Thiruvananthapuram 

Number of Districts: 14

Largest City: Kochi

High Court for the state of Kerala: Kochi

Chief Language: Malayalam 

First Chief Minister of Kerala: Pattom Thanu Pillai

First Governor of Kerala: Burgula Ramkrishna Rao

   •State Symbols of  Kerala:

Animal: Elephant

Bird: Great Hornbill 

Tree: Coconut

Flower: Golden Shower Tree

 •Most Important Facts of Kerala:

1. Kerala has the highest literacy rate(93.90%) and the highest sex ratio(1084).

2. Kerala has the highest human development index in India.

15. Madhya Pradesh 

Date of Formation: 1st November, 1956

Capital: Bhopal

Number of Districts: 50

High Court for the state of Madhya Pradesh: Jabalpur

Chief Language: Hindi

First Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh : Ravishankar Shukla

First Governor of Madhya Pradesh : Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya

   •State Symbols of Madhya Pradesh:

State animal:Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii)

State bird: Indian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi)

State fish: Mahsheer (Tor tor)

State flower: Madonna lily (Lilium candidum)

 •Most Important Facts of Madhyapradesh:

1.Madhyapradesh is the 2nd largest state in India(Area wise).

2.Madhya Pradesh is also known as Heart of India and Tiger State.

16. Maharashtra

Date of Formation: 1st May, 1960

Capital: Mumbai

Number of Districts: 35

High Court for the state of Maharashtra: Mumbai

Chief Language: Marathi

First Chief Minister of Maharashtra: B. G. Kher

First Governor of Maharashtra:Raja Sir Maharaj Singh

   •State Symbols of Maharashtra :

Animal: Giant Squirrel 

Bird: Yellow-footed green pigeon

Tree: Mango

Flower: Jarul

 •Most Important Facts of Maharasthra:

1. Maharashtra is the 2nd most populated state and 3rd largest state by area.

2. Mumbai is the economical capital of India.

17. Manipur

Date of Formation: 21 January, 1972

Capital: Imphal

Number of Districts: 09

Largest City: Imphal

High Court for the state of Manipur: 

Chief Language: Manipuri

First Chief Minister of : M Koireng Singh

First Governor of Governor: Braj Kumar Nehru

   •State Symbols of Manipur:

Animal: Sangal

Bird: Mrs. Hume's Pheasant 

Tree: Toon

Flower: Shirul Lily

18. Meghalaya

Date of Formation: 21st January 1972 

Capital: Shilong

Number of Districts: 7

Largest City: Shilong

High Court for the state of Meghalaya: Shillong

Chief Language: Garo, Khasi, English 

First Chief Minister of Meghalaya: Williamson A Sangma

First Governor of Meghalaya: Braj Kumar Nehru 

   •State Symbols of  Meghalaya:

Animal: Clouded leopard

Bird: Hill Myna

Tree: White Teak

Flower: Lady Slipper Orchid

 •Most Important Facts of Meghalaya:

1. More than 70% of the state is in the under forest.

19. Mizoram 

Date of Formation: 20 February 1987

Capital: Aizawl

Largest City: Aizawl

High Court for the state of Mizoram: Guwahati

Chief Language: Mizo, Kuki, English

First Chief Minister of Mizoram: L Chal Chhunga

First Governor of Mizoram: Hiteshwar Saikia

   •State Symbols of  Mizoram:

Animal: Serow

Bird: Mrs. Hume's Pheasant 

Tree: Iron Wood

Flower: Red Vanda

 •Most Important Facts of Mizoram:

1. Highest Peak - Blue Mountain

20. Nagaland

Date of Formation:1st December, 1963

Capital: Kohima

Number of Districts: 11

Largest City: Dimapur

High Court for the state of Nagaland: Guwahati 

Chief Language: Angami, Ao, Konyak, 

First Chief Minister of Nagaland: Shilo Ao

First Governor of Nagaland: Vishnu Sahay

   •State Symbols of  Nagaland:

Animal: Mithun

Bird: Blyth's Tragopan

Tree: Alder

Flower: Rhododendron 

 •Most Important Facts of Nagaland:

1. The Aryan called the people of this region 'Naga'(Naked).

21. Odisha

Date of Formation: January, 1949

Capital: Bhubaneswar 

Number of Districts: 30

Largest City: Bhubaneswar 

High Court for the state of Odisha: Cuttack 

Chief Language: Odiya

First Chief Minister of Odisha: Hare Krishna Mehtab

First Governor of Odisha: Kailash Nathi Katju

   •State Symbols of  Odisha:

Animal: Sambhar

Bird: Indian Roller

Tree: Banyan

Flower: Lotus

22. Punjab 

Date of Formation: 15th August, 1947

Capital: Chandigarh

Number of Districts: 22

Largest City: Hoshiarpur

High Court for the state of Punjab: Chandigarh

Chief Language: Punjabi

First Chief Minister of Punjab: Gopi Chand Bhargava

First Governor of Punjab: Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi

   •State Symbols of Punjab:

Animal. Black Buck(Antilope Cervicapra)

Bird. Baj(Eastern Goshawk)

Tree. Shisham(Dalbergia sissoo)

23. Rajasthan

Date of Formation: 1st November, 1956

Capital: Jaipur

Number of Districts: 33

Largest City: Alwar

High Court for the state of Rajasthan: Jodhpur

Chief Language: Rajasthani, Hindi

First Chief Minister of Rajasthan: Heera Lal Shastri

First Governor of Rajasthan: Maharaj Man Singh II 

   •State Symbols of  Rajasthan:

Animal: Camel

Bird: Godawan or Great Indian Bustard

Flower: Rohida

24. Sikkim

Date of Formation: 16 May, 1975

Capital: Gangtok 

Number of Districts: 9

Largest City: Gangtok 

High Court for the state of Sikkim: Gangtok

Chief Language: Nepali, Lepcha, Nimbu, Mundari

First Chief Minister of Sikkim: Kazi Lehdup Dorji

First Governor of Sikkim: Bipin Bihari Lal

   •State Symbols of  Sikkim:

Animal: Red Panda

Bird: Blood Pheasant 

Tree: Rhododendron 

Flower: Noble Orchid

 •Most Important Facts of Sikkim:

1. Sikkim is the least populated state in India and 2nd smallest in area after Goa.

25. Tamilnadu

Date of Formation: 18 July, 1967

Capital: Chennai 

Number of Districts: 32

High Court for the state of Tamilnadu: Chennai

Chief Language: Tamil

First Chief Minister of Tamilnadu: Amandu Ramaswami Reddiar

First Governor of Tamilnadu: Sir Archibald Edward Nye

   •State Symbols of  Tamilnadu:

Animal: Nilgiri Tahr

Bird: Emerald Dove

Tree: Palmyra Palm

Flower: Kandhal

26. Tripura

Date of Formation: 21 January, 1972

Capital: Agartala

Number of Districts:4

Largest City:Agartala

High Court for the state of Tripura: Agartala

Chief Language: Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri 

First Chief Minister of Tripura: Sachindra Lal Singh

First Governor of Tripura: Braj Kumar Nehru

   •State Symbols of Tripura:

Animal: Phare's Langur

Bird: Green Imperial Pigeon 

Tree: Agar

Flower: Nageshwar

 •Most Important Facts of Tripura:

1. Tripura is the third smallest state by area in India.

27. Uttarakhand 

Date of Formation: 9th November, 2000

Capital: Dehradun 

Number of Districts: 21

High Court for the state of Uttarakhand: Nainital 

Chief Language: Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni

   •State Symbols of Uttarakhand:

Animal: Alpine musk deer

Bird: Himalayan monal

Tree: Rhododendron arboreum

Flower: Saussurea obvallata

28. Uttar Pradesh 

Date of Formation: 15th August, 1947

Capital: Lucknow 

Number of Districts: 75

High Court for the state of Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad 

Chief Language: Hindi, Urdu

First Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh: Govind Ballabh Pant

First Governor of Uttar Pradesh: Sir Hormasji Pherozeshah Modi

   •State Symbols of Uttar Pradesh:

Animal. Barasingha(Rucervus Duvaucelii)

Bird. Sarus Crane(Grus Antigone)

Flower. Palash(Butea Monosperma)

Tree. Sita Ashok(Saraca Asoca)

 

29. West Bengal

Date of Formation: 15th August, 1947

Capital: Kolkata

Number of Districts: 23

Biggest District of West Bengal :South 24 Parganas

(Area wise)

Most Populace District:  North Twenty Four Parganas

Least Populace District: Kalimpong District

Largest City: Kolkata

High Court for the state of West Bengal: Kolkata

Chief Language: Bengali

First Chief Minister of West Bengal: Prafulla Ghosh

First Governor of West Bengal: Chakravarty Raja Goapalachari

   •State Symbols of West Bengal:

Animal: Fishing Cat

Bird: White-Breasted King Fisher

Tree: Chatian / Devil Tree

Flower: Shephali

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